Audubon Core Term List

Title: Audubon Core Term List

Date version issued: 2013-10-23

Date created: 2013-10-23

Part of TDWG Standard: http://www.tdwg.org/standards/638

This version: http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/doc/termlist/2013-10-23

Latest version: http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/doc/termlist/

Replaced by: http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/doc/termlist/2020-01-27

Abstract: The Audubon Core is a set of vocabularies designed to represent metadata for biodiversity multimedia resources and collections. It aims to represent information that will help to determine whether a particular resource or collection will be fit for some particular biodiversity science application before acquiring the media. Among others, the vocabularies address such concerns as the management of the media and collections, descriptions of their content, their taxonomic, geographic, and temporal coverage, and the appropriate ways to retrieve, attribute and reproduce them. This document contains a list of attributes of each Audubon Core term, including a documentation name, a specified URI, a recommended English label for user interfaces, a definition, and some ancillary notes. The version shown here has been adopted by Biodiversity Information Standards / TDWG at the general meeting in October 2013. This document contains normative content that may not be changed without due process.

Contributors: Robert A. Morris, Vijay Barve, Mihail Carausu, Vishwas Chavan, José Cuadra, Chris Freeland, Gregor Hagedorn, Patrick Leary, Dimitry Mozzherin, Annette Olson, Greg Riccardi, Ivan Teage

Creator: GBIF/TDWG Multimedia Resources Task Group

Bibliographic citation: Multimedia Resources Task Group. 2013. Audubon Core Term List. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/doc/termlist/2013-10-23

1 Introduction

There are four documents included in the Aububon Core Standard. This document provides details about the terms included in Audubon Core vocabulary. The Audubon Core Introduction document provides a brief introduction to the Audubon Core Standard. For information about the structure of Audubon Core, see the Audubon Core Structure document. For a more detailed guide to the use of Audubon Core, see the Audubon Core Guide document.

1.1 Status of the content of this document

Sections 1.2 through 5 are normative, except for Table 1. In Section 7 and its subparts, the values of the Normative URI, Definition, Layer, Required, and Repeatable are normative. The value of Usage (if it exists for a given term) is normative in that it specifies how a borrowed term should be used as part of Audubon Core. The values of Term Name is non-normative, although one can expect that the namespace abbreviation prefix is one commonly used for the term namespace. Labels and the values of all other properties (such as notes) are non-normative.

1.2 Categories of terms

An Audubon Core (AC) record is a description of a multimedia resource using the AC vocabularies. Two kinds of terms are specified by this document: those terms which describe representation-independent aspects of the media and those which describe representation-dependent aspects. Most terms are representation-independent, referring to an “abstract multimedia resource”. One such term, hasServiceAccessPoint, refers to or contains representation-dependent service access point metadata describing a digital representation of the abstract multimedia resource. These metadata describe such things as a web address at which a digital representation can be retrieved, and the format, extent, or licenses that describe a particular such representation. A multimedia resource may provide several access points for different representations (e.g., different resolutions).

2 Borrowed Vocabulary

When terms are borrowed from other vocabularies, AC uses the URIs, common abbreviations, and namespace prefixes in use in those vocabularies. The URIs are normative, but abbreviations and namespace prefixes have no impact except as an aid to reading the documentation.

Table 1. Vocabularies from which terms have been borrowed (non-normative)

Note: URIs for terms in most of these namespaces do not dereference to anything. The authoritative documentation can be obtained by clicking on the vocabulary names in the table.

Vocabulary	Abbreviation	Namespaces and abbreviations
Darwin Core	DwC	dwc: = http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
Dublin Core	DC	dc: = http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/, dcterms: = http://purl.org/dc/terms/
Adobe XMP Core Properties	XMP	xmp: = http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/, xmpRights: = http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/
Adobe XMP Additional Properties	XMP	photoshop: = http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/
International Press and Telecommunications Council Photo Metadata Standard,Extension Schema 1.1	IPTC	Iptc4xmpExt: = http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/
Camera and Imaging Products Association Exchangeable Image File Format	EXIF	exif: = http://ns.adobe.com/exif/1.0/
TDWG Natural Collection Description LSID Ontology (referenced in metadata, but no terms borrowed)	NCD	ncd: = http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/Collection#

3 Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names

The namespace of terms borrowed from other vocabularies is that of the original. The namespace of de novo AC terms is http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/. In the table of terms, each term entry has a row with the term name. This term name is generally an “unqualified name” preceded by a widely accepted prefix designating an abbreviation for the namespace It is recommended that implementers who need a namespace prefix for the AC namespace use “ac”. In this web document, hovering over a term in the Index By Term Name list below will reveal a complete URL that can be used in other web documents to link to this document’s treatment of that term, even if it is from a borrowed vocabulary. It is very important to note that some vocabularies, e.g those of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), provide versions of the same term in two different namespaces, one providing for string values and one providing for URIs, even where that separation is simply a recommendation, not a mandate. See this DCMI wiki entry on this topic. For vocabularies where such a practice is in place, we often follow it and signal a reference in the Notes of our term descriptions to the sister version of the term. An example is the pair dc:type and dcterms:type. When such a pair allows repeated instances (e.g. as for dc:source and dcterms:source), particular care may be required in some implementations of AC, because some implementations may not provide enough structure to clearly state the association between the members of a pair in the case of multiple values of each. This is a special case of the issue treated in the normative material on Multiplicity and Cardinality in the Audubon Core Structure document.

4 Layers

The term set consists of two Layers, numbered 1 and 2. The former comprise the central terms, likely to be meaningful for most media, even though only a few are mandatory. Implementers of AC representations should provide for at least Layer 1 if possible, and application writers should provide for robust treatment of Layer 1 terms, if only by ignoring them. Layer 2 terms are more likely to be useful for particular kinds of media or for applications requiring highly detailed resource descriptions. Each term description below indicates the Layer to which the term belongs.

5 Literal- vs. URI-valued Terms

Some terms have two versions, one expecting a string literal value and the other a URI. In these circumstances, the version expecting a string is named with the suffix “Literal”, e.g. ac:metadataLanguageLiteral. In such cases, both forms may be provided, but care should be taken to ensure that the uses reflect the same intent. In case of ambiguity, the URI version prevails. All terms, including those whether or not with a specific “Literal” suffix, specify in their definition whether the required values are strings or URIs.

6 Vocabulary Indices (non-normative)

6.1 Index By Term Name

(See also 6.2 Index By Label)

Management Vocabulary

Attribution Vocabulary

Agents Vocabulary

Content Coverage Vocabulary

Geography Vocabulary

Temporal Coverage Vocabulary

xmp:CreateDate | dcterms:temporal | ac:timeOfDay

Taxonomic Coverage Vocabulary

Resource Creation Vocabulary

ac:captureDevice | ac:digitizationDate | Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated | ac:resourceCreationTechnique

Related Resources Vocabulary

Service Access Point Vocabulary

6.2 Index By Label

(See also 6.1 Index By Term Name)

Management Vocabulary

Attribution Vocabulary

Agents Vocabulary

Creator | Metadata Creator | Metadata Provider | Provider

Content Coverage Vocabulary

Geography Vocabulary

Temporal Coverage Vocabulary

Original Date and Time | Temporal Coverage | Time of Day

Taxonomic Coverage Vocabulary

Resource Creation Vocabulary

Capture Device | Date and Time Digitized | Location Created | Resource Creation Technique

Related Resources Vocabulary

Service Access Point Vocabulary

7 Vocabularies

7.1 Management Vocabulary

Term Name: dcterms:available
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/available
Label	Date Available
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available.
Usage	The date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004, https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/').
Notes	A use case is the harvesting of metadata published before the media are available, which are pending a formal publication elsewhere. One important example is the case of metadata that documents an occurrence, which metadata harvesters might exploit without use of the media. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.

Term Name: ac:commenter
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/commenter
Label	Commenter
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A URI denoting a person, using some controlled vocabulary such as FOAF. Implementers and communities of practice may produce restrictions or recommendations on the choice of vocabularies.
Notes	See also Reviewer Comments for the distinction between Comments and Reviewer Comments. See also the entry for ac:commenterLiteral and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:commenterLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/commenterLiteral
Label	Commenter
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A name or the literal "anonymous" (= anonymously commented).
Notes	See also Reviewer Comments for the distinction between Comments and Reviewer Comments. See also the entry for ac:commenter and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:comments
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/comments
Label	Comments
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Any comment provided on the media resource, as free-form text. Best practice would also identify the commenter.
Notes	Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item for Reviewer Comments, which is defined more as an expert-level review. Implementers or communities of practice might establish conventions about the meaning of the absence of a commenter, but this specification is silent on that matter.

Term Name: ac:hasServiceAccessPoint
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hasServiceAccessPoint
Label	Service Access Point
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	In a chosen serialization (RDF, XML Schema, etc.) the potentially multiple service access points (e.g., for different resolutions of an image) might be provided in a referenced or in a nested object. This property identifies one such access point. That is, each of potentially multiple values of hasServiceAccessPoint identifies a set of representation-dependent metadata using the properties defined under the Service Access Point Vocabulary section of the Audubon Core Term List document.
Notes	Some serializations may flatten the model of service-access points by (a) dropping ac:hasServiceAccessPoint, ac:variant and ac:variantLiteral, (b) repeating properties from the Service Access Point Vocabulary and prefixing them with values of ac:variantLiteral. If such a flat serialization is necessary for services, we recommend to select from among term names of the form "AB" where "A" is one of thumbnail, trailer, lowerQuality, mediumQuality, goodQuality, bestQuality, offline and "B" is one of AccessURI, Format, Extent, FurtherInformationURL, LicensingException, ServiceExpectation (example: thumbnailAccessURI). Implementers in specific constraint languages such as XML Schema or RDF may wish to make Access URI and perhaps dcterms:format mandatory on instances of the service access point.

Term Name: dcterms:identifier
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier
Label	Identifier
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes for media collections, No for media resources (but preferred if available) -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Usage	An arbitrary code that is unique for the resource, with the resource being either a provider, collection, or media item.
Notes	Using multiple identifiers implies that they have a same-as relationship, i.e. they all identify the same object (e. g. an object may have all of an http-URL, an lsid-URI, and a UUID).

Term Name: xmp:MetadataDate
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/MetadataDate
Label	Metadata Date
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The date and time that any metadata for this resource was last changed. It should be the same as or more recent than xmp:ModifyDate.
Usage	Point in time recording when the last modification to metadata (not necessarily the media object itself) occurred. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004, https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, entry for further explanation and examples.
Notes	This is not dcterms:modified, which refers to the resource itself rather than its metadata. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.

Term Name: ac:metadataLanguage
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguage
Label	Metadata Language
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	URI from the ISO639-2 list of URIs for ISO 3-letter language codes, http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2.
Notes	This is NOT dcterms:language, which is about the resource, not the metadata. Metadata Language is deliberately single-valued, imposing on unstructured serializations a requirement that multi-lingual metadata be represented as separate, complete, metadata records. Audubon Core requires that each record also contains the language-neutral terms. In the absence of this requirement, metadata consumers would need to know which terms are language-neutral and merge these terms from all provided metadataLanguages into a single record. Metadata consumers may re-combine the information based on the dcterms:identifier that identifies the multimedia resource. At least one of ac:metadataLanguage and ac:metadataLanguageLiteral must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. They must specify the same language. In case of ambiguity, ac:metadataLanguage prevails. Nothing in this document would, however, prevent an implementer, e. g. of an XML-Schema representation, from providing a fully hierarchical schema in which language neutral terms occur only a single time, and only the language-specific terms are repeated in a way that unambigously relates them to a metadata language. In RDF it may be a simple repetition of plain literals associated with a language (e.g., xml:lang attribute in RDF/XML). The language attribute would then be required in Audubon Core and would replace ac:metadataLanguage.

Term Name: ac:metadataLanguageLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataLanguageLiteral
Label	Metadata Language
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Language of description and other metadata (but not necessarily of the image itself) represented as an ISO639-2 three letter language code. ISO639-1 two-letter codes are permitted but deprecated.
Notes	This is NOT dc:language, which is about the resource, not the metadata. Metadata Language is deliberately single-valued, imposing on unstructured serializations a requirement that multi-lingual metadata be represented as separate, complete, metadata records. Audubon Core requires that each record also contains the language-neutral terms. In the absence of this requirement, metadata consumers would need to know which terms are language-neutral and merge these terms from all provided metadataLanguages into a single record. Metadata consumers may re-combine the information based on the dcterms:identifier that identifies the multimedia resource. At least one of ac:metadataLanguage and ac:metadataLanguageLiteral must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. They must specify the same language. In case of ambiguity, ac:metadataLanguage prevails. Nothing in this document would, however, prevent an implementer, e. g. of an XML-Schema representation, from providing a fully hierarchical schema in which language neutral terms occur only a single time, and only the language-specific terms are repeated in a way that unambigously relates them to a metadata language. In RDF it may be a simple repetition of plain literals associated with a language (e.g., xml:lang attribute in RDF/XML). The language attribute would then be required in Audubon Core and would replace ac:metadataLanguage.

Term Name: dcterms:modified
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
Label	Modified
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Date on which the resource was changed.
Usage	Date that the media resource was altered. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/').
Notes	dcterms:modified permits all modification dates to be recorded, or if only one is recorded, it is assumed to be the latest. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.

Term Name: ac:providerManagedID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerManagedID
Label	Provider-managed ID
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A free-form identifier (a simple number, an alphanumeric code, a URL, etc.) that is unique and meaningful primarily for the data provider.
Notes	Ideally, this would be a globally unique identifier (GUID), but the provider is encouraged to supply any form of identifier that simplifies communications on resources within their project and helps to locate individual data items in the provider's data repositories. It is the provider's decision whether to expose this value or not.

Term Name: xmp:Rating
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/Rating
Label	Rating
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A user-assigned rating for this file. The value shall be -1 or in the range [0..5], where -1 indicates "rejected" and 0 indicates "unrated". If xmp:Rating is not present, a value of 0 should be assumed.
Usage	A rating of the media resources, provided by record originators or editors, with "-1" defining "rejected", "0" defining "unrated", and "1" (worst) to "5" (best). Anticipated usage is for a typical "star rating" UI, with the addition of a notion of rejection. Values may be decimal numbers in the permitted range.
Notes	The origin of the rating is not communicated. It may, e. g., be based on user feedback or on editorial ratings. If Rating is not present, a value of 0 may be assumed. By "user-assigned" is meant assigned by the originator or editor of the record using the term.

Term Name: ac:reviewer
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewer
Label	Reviewer
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	URI for a reviewer. If present, then resource is peer-reviewed, even if Reviewer Comments is absent or empty. Its presence tells whether an expert in the subject featured in the media has reviewed the media item or collection and approved its metadata description; must display a name or the literal "anonymous" (= anonymously reviewed).
Notes	Provider is asserting they accept this review as competent. See also ac:reviewerLiteral and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:reviewerComments
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerComments
Label	Reviewer Comments
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Any comment provided by a reviewer with expertise in the subject, as free-form text.
Notes	Reviewer Comments may refer to the resource itself (e. g., asserting a taxon name or location of a biological subject in an image), or to the relation between resource and associated metadata (e. g., asserting that the taxon name given in the metadata is wrong, without asserting a positive identification). There is a separate item "Comments" for text from commenters of unrecorded expertise.

Term Name: ac:reviewerLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/reviewerLiteral
Label	Reviewer
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	String providing the name of a reviewer. If present, then resource is peer-reviewed, even if Reviewer Comments is absent or empty. Its presence tells whether an expert in the subject featured in the media has reviewed the media item or collection and approved its metadata description; must display a name or the literal "anonymous" (= anonymously reviewed).
Notes	Provider is asserting they accept this review as competent. See also ac:reviewer and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:subtype
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtype
Label	Subtype
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Any URI may be used that provides for more specialization than the type. Possible values are community-defined.
Usage	The subtype term may not be applied to Collection objects. However, the Description term in the Content Coverage Vocabulary may add further description to a Collection object. The subtype vocabulary may be extended by users provided they identify the term by a URI which is not in the ac namespace. Conforming applications may choose to ignore these.
Notes	The following list provides examples of strings from which a community could generate URIs for specializations of dcterms:type for use with ac:subtype: Drawing, Painting, Logo, Icon, Illustration, Graphic, Photograph, Animation, Film, SlideShow, DesignPlan, Diagram, Map, MusicalNotation, IdentificationKey, ScannedText, RecordedText, RecordedOrganism, TaxonPage, MultimediaLearningObject, VirtualRealityEnvironment, GlossaryPage. Communities should define the URI in a namespace of their choosing or devising. For example, "http://my.inst.org/namespace/metadata/subtype/SlideShow"). See ac:subtypeLiteral for usage with strings.

Term Name: ac:subtypeLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subtypeLiteral
Label	Subtype
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The subtype should provide more specialization than the type. Possible values are community-defined.
Usage	The subtypeLiteral term may not be applied to Collection objects. However, the Description term in the Content Coverage Vocabulary may add further description to a Collection object.
Notes	The following list provides examples of strings upon which a community could base specializations of dc:type for use with ac:subtypeLiteral: Drawing, Painting, Logo, Icon, Illustration, Graphic, Photograph, Animation, Film, SlideShow, DesignPlan, Diagram, Map, MusicalNotation, IdentificationKey, ScannedText, RecordedText, RecordedOrganism, TaxonPage, MultimediaLearningObject, VirtualRealityEnvironment, GlossaryPage. See ac:subtype for usage with URIs.

Term Name: dcterms:title
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/title
Label	Title
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A name given to the resource.
Usage	Concise title, name, or brief descriptive label of institution, resource collection, or individual resource. This field should include the complete title with all the subtitles, if any.
Notes	It is strongly suggested to provide a title. The title facilitates interactions with humans: e.g., it could be used as display text of hyperlinks or to provide a choice of images in a pick list. The title is therefore highly useful and an effort should be made to provide it where it is not already available. When the resource is a collection without an institutional or official name, but with a thematic content, a descriptive title, e. g. "Urban Ants of New England," would be suitable. In individual media resources depicting taxa, the scientific name or names of taxa often form a good title. Common names in addition to or instead of scientific names are also acceptable. Indications of action or roles captured by the media resource, such as predatory acts, are desirable ("Rattlesnake eating deer mouse", "Pollinators of California Native Plants").

Term Name: dc:type
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type
Label	Type
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The nature or genre of the resource.
Usage	dc:type may take as value any type term from the DCMI Type Vocabulary, http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/#section-7-dcmi-type-vocabulary. Recommended terms are Collection, StillImage, Sound, MovingImage, InteractiveResource, Text. Values may be used either in their literal form, or with a full namespace (e. g. from a controlled vocabulary, but the best practice is to use the literal form when using dc:type and use dcterms:type when you can supply the URI from a controlled vocabulary and implementers may require this practice. At least one of dc:type and dcterms:type must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. The values of each should designate the same type, but in case of ambiguity dcterms:type prevails.
Notes	A Collection should be given type "Collection" when using dc:type. If the resource is a Collection, this item does not identify what types of objects it may contain. Following the DC recommendations for the Text type, http://purl.org/dc/terms/DCMIType, images of text should be marked given as the string Text when provided as a string. See also the entry for dcterms:type in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dcterms:type
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/type
Label	Type
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The nature or genre of the resource.
Usage	A full URI preferably from among the type URIs specified in the DCMI Type Vocabulary, http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/#section-7-dcmi-type-vocabulary. Recommended terms are those URIs whose labels are Collection, StillImage, Sound, MovingImage, InteractiveResource, or Text (e.g. . Also recommended are the full URIs of ac:PanAndZoomImage, ac:3DStillImage, and ac: 3DMovingImage. Values MUST NOT be a string, but a URI with full namespace (e. g. from a controlled vocabulary. Implementers and communities of practice may determine whether specific controlled vocabularies must be used. If the resource is a Collection, this item does not identify what types of objects it may contain. Following the DC recommendations at http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text, images of text should be with this URI.
Notes	Following the DC recommendations for the Text type, http://purl.org/dc/terms/DCMIType, images of text should be given as http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text when given as a URI. See also the entry for dc:type in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions. At least one of dc:type and dcterms:type must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. The values of each should designate the same type, but in case of ambiguity dcterms:type prevails.

7.2 Attribution Vocabulary

Term Name: ac:attributionLinkURL
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLinkURL
Label	Attribution Link URL
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The URL where information about ownership, attribution, etc. of the resource may be found.
Notes	This URL may be used in creating a clickable logo. Providers should consider making this link as specific and useful to consumers as possible, e. g., linking to a metadata page of the specific image resource rather than to a generic page describing the owner or provider of a resource.

Term Name: ac:attributionLogoURL
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/attributionLogoURL
Label	Attribution URL
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The URL of the icon or logo image to appear in source attribution.
Notes	Entering this URL into a browser should only result in the icon (not in a webpage including the icon).

Term Name: photoshop:Credit
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/Credit
Label	Credit
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The credit to person(s) and/or organisation(s) required by the supplier of the item to be used when published. This is a free-text field.
Usage	free text for "Please cite this as ..."
Notes	IPTC also refers to this generically as a "Credit Line" as it is frequently displayed with the media.

Term Name: ac:fundingAttribution
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/fundingAttribution
Label	Funding
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Organizations or individuals who funded the creation of the resource.

Term Name: ac:licenseLogoURL
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licenseLogoURL
Label	License Logo URL
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A URL providing access to a logo that symbolizes the License.
Notes	The originating metadata provider is strongly urged to choose a suitable logo as a graphical representation of the license. Failure to do so may leave downstream aggregators in a difficult position to supply a logo that adequately represents the professional, legal, or social aims of the licensors (license givers). Example: http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/88x31.png provides access to a logo image.

Term Name: xmpRights:Owner
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/Owner
Label	Copyright Owner
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A list of legal owners of the resource.
Usage	A list of the names of the owners of the copyright. 'Unknown' is an acceptable value, but 'Public Domain' is not.
Notes	Some providers use dc:publisher for this purpose, but it seems doubtful that the publisher is by necessity the copyright owner. 'Public Domain' is not an appropriate value because it denotes something that is not under copyright. In this case, omit or leave empty xmpRights:Owner, and put 'Public Domain' in the Copyright Statement (dc:rights). Except for 'Public Domain' resources, it is strongly urged that this field be supplied.

Term Name: dc:rights
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights
Label	Copyright Statement
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Usage	Information about rights held in and over the resource. A full-text, readable copyright statement, as required by the national legislation of the copyright holder. On collections, this applies to all contained objects, unless the object itself has a different statement. Examples: "Copyright XY 2008, all rights reserved", "© 2008 XY Museum", "Public Domain.", "Copyright unknown." Do not place just the name of the copyright holder(s) here! That belongs in a list in the xmpRights:Owner field, which should be supplied if dc:rights is not 'Public Domain', which is appropriate only if the resource is known to be not under copyright.
Notes	This expresses rights over the media resource, not over the metadata text. At least one of dcterms:rights and dc:rights must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. They must specify the same rights. In case of ambiguity, dcterms:rights prevails. See also the entry for dcterms:rights in the Audubon Core Term List document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dcterms:rights
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights
Label	Copyright Statement
	Layer: 1 -- Required: Yes -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Usage	A URI pointing to structured information about rights held in and over the resource. Examples include http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode and http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. At least one of dcterms:rights and dc:rights must be supplied but, when feasible, supplying both may make the metadata more widely useful. They must specify the same rights. In case of ambiguity, dcterms:rights prevails.
Notes	This expresses rights over the media resource, not over the metadata text. See also the entry for dc:rights in the Audubon Core Term List document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dc:source
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source
Label	Published Source
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Usage	A string providing an identifiable source from which the described resources was derived.
Notes	If the resource was digitized from a non-digital resource, or was also previously published in a digital or printed publication, this describes the original. Do not put generally "related" publications in here. This field normally contains a free-form text description. If a URI is available it should be provided in dcterms:source. Can be repeatable if a montage of images. Information about further provenance beyond the ultimate source should be put in the derivedFrom attribute. See also the entry for dcterms:source in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions

Term Name: dcterms:source
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
Label	Published Source
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Usage	URI for an identifiable source from which the described resources was derived.
Notes	If the resource was digitized from a non-digital resource, or was also previously published in a digital or printed publication, this describes the original. If a string is required for this, use dc:source. Do not put generally "related" publications in here. A URI that can be resolved and dereferenced to provide a description of the source resource may also be used here. For example, "http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1998021539/PP/" is the address of a web page that provides a description the original negative of a famous picture by the photographer Dorothea Lange and so would be an appropriate value of dcterms:source. The term may be repeatable if a montage of images. Information about further provenance beyond the ultimate source should be put in the derivedFrom attribute. See also the entry for dc:source in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: xmpRights:UsageTerms
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/UsageTerms
Label	License Terms
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A collection of text instructions on how a resource can be legally used, given in a variety of languages.
Usage	The license statement defining how resources may be used. Information on a collection applies to all contained objects unless the object has a different statement.
Notes	Example: "Available under Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license". This also describes the commercial availability of items. Buying an identification tool or media resource is essentially the purchase of an individual license. Examples for such License statements: "Available through bookstores" for a commercially published CD, and "Individual licenses available for purchase" for a high-resolution image. Note that the medium or low resolution levels of the same image may be available under open access licenses. In general, this term determines the default licensing for the media. License terms specific to variants or representations of the media resource (e.g., different resolutions) are dealt within the section on Service Access Point Vocabulary

Term Name: xmpRights:WebStatement
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/WebStatement
Label	License URL
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A Web URL for a statement of the ownership and usage rights for this resource.
Usage	A URL defining or further elaborating on the license statement (e. g., a web page explaining the precise terms of use).
Notes	The value of this field may provide a complete definition of the terms of use. For Creative Commons, the appropriate value is the URL of the defining Web page for the license. Example: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/. Where different quality variants (e. g. different resolutions of images) are published under different licenses, the AC term "Licensing Exception Statement" supports variant-specific licenses.

7.3 Agents Vocabulary

Term Name: dc:creator
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
Label	Creator
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Usage	The person or organization responsible for creating the media resource.
Notes	The value may be simple text including contact information. Note that the Creator need not be the Copyright Owner. See also the entry for dcterms:creator in in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dcterms:creator
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Label	Creator
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Usage	A URI representing the person or organization responsible for creating the media resource.
Notes	Note that the Creator need not be the Copyright Owner. See also the entry for dc:creator in in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:metadataCreator
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataCreator
Label	Metadata Creator
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Person or organization originally creating the resource metadata record.
Notes	See also the entry for ac:metadataCreatorLiteral and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:metadataCreatorLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataCreatorLiteral
Label	Metadata Creator
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Person or organization originally creating the resource metadata record.
Notes	See also the entry for ac:metadataCreator and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:metadataProvider
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataProvider
Label	Metadata Provider
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	URI of person or organization originally responsible for providing the resource metadata record.
Notes	Media resources and their metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings. Compare Provider. See also the entry for ac:metadataProviderLiteral and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:metadataProviderLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/metadataProviderLiteral
Label	Metadata Provider
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Person or organization originally responsible for providing the resource metadata record.
Notes	Media resources and their metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings. Compare Provider. See also the entry for ac:metadataProvider in this document and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:provider
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/provider
Label	Provider
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	URI for person or organization responsible for presenting the media resource. If no separate Metadata Provider is given, this also attributes the metadata.
Notes	Media resources and their metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings. See also the entry for ac:providerLiteral and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:providerLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerLiteral
Label	Provider
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Person or organization responsible for presenting the media resource. If no separate Metadata Provider is given, this also attributes the metadata.
Notes	Media resources and their metadata may be served from different institutions, e. g. in the case of aggregators adding user annotations, taxon identifications, or ratings. See also the entry for ac:provider and the section Namespaces, Prefixes and Term Names in the Audubon Core Term List document for discussion of the rationale for separate terms taking URI values from those taking Literal values where both are possible. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

7.4 Content Coverage Vocabulary

Term Name: ac:caption
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/caption
Label	Caption
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	As alternative or in addition to description, a caption is free-form text to be displayed together with (rather than instead of) a resource that is suitable for captions (especially images).
Notes	If both description and caption are present in the metadata, a description is typically displayed instead of the resource, a caption together with the resource. Often only one of description or caption is present; choose the term most appropriate for your metadata.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:CVterm
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CVterm
Label	Subject Category
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A term to describe the content of the image by a value from a Controlled Vocabulary.
Usage	Controlled vocabulary of subjects to support broad classification of media items. Terms from various controlled vocabularies may be used. AC-recommended vocabularies are preferred and may be unqualified literals (not a full URI). For terms from other vocabularies either a precise URI should be used, or, as long as all unqualified terms in all vocabularies are unique, metadata should provide the source vocabularies using the Subject Category Vocabulary term.
Notes	Recommended sets include: the NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD; http://gcmd.nasa.gov/), Subject Categories defined in Key to Nature (K2N; http://www.keytonature.eu/wiki/Subject_Category), the BioComplexity Thesaurus; https://www2.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/biocomplexity_thesaurus/, the Description Type GBIF Vocabulary; http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/description_type.xml, the TDWG Species Profile Model; http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems.rdf, the Plinian Core; https://github.com/PlinianCore/Documentation/wiki/About, the European Environmental Agency GEneral Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus (GEMET; http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet), and the Long Term Ecological Research Network Controlled Vocabulary (LTER; http://vocab.lternet.edu/). The vocabulary may include major taxonomic groups (such as "vertebrates" or "fungi") or ecosystem terms ("savannah", "temperate rain forest", "forest fires", "aquatic vertebrates"). Other formal classifications (published in print or online) such as habitat, fuel, invasive species, agroproductivity, fisheries, migratory species etc. are also suitable.

Term Name: dcterms:description
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/description
Label	Description
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	An account of the resource.
Usage	Description of collection or individual resource, containing the Who, What, When, Where and Why as free-form text. This normative document is silent on the nature of formatting in the text. It is the role of implementers of an AC concrete representation (e.g., an XML Schema, an RDF representation, etc.) to decide and document how formatting advice will be represented in descriptions serialized according to such representations.
Notes	It optionally allows the presentation of detailed information and will in most cases be shown together with the resource title. If both a description and a caption are present in the metadata, a description is typically displayed instead of the resource, whereas a caption is displayed together with the resource. The description should aim to be a good proxy for the underlying media resource in cases where only text can be shown, whereas the caption may only make sense when shown together with the media. Often only one of description or caption is present; choose the term most appropriate for your metadata.

Term Name: dc:language
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
Label	Language
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A language of the resource.
Usage	Language(s) of resource itself represented in the ISO639-2 three-letter language code. ISO639-1 two-letter codes are permitted but deprecated.
Notes	An image may contain language such as superimposed labels. If an image is of a natural scene or organism, without any language included, the resource is language-neutral (ISO code "zxx"). Resources with present but unknown language are to be coded as undetermined (ISO code "und"). Regional dialects or other special cases should conform to the ISO639-5 Alpha-3 Code for Language Families and Groups, http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-5.html, where possible or the IETF Best Practices for Tags Identifying Languages, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646, where not. See also the entry for dcterms:language in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dcterms:language
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
Label	Language
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A language of the resource.
Usage	URI from the ISO639-2 list of URIs for ISO 3-letter language codes.
Notes	An image may contain language such as superimposed labels. If an image is of a natural scene or organism, without any language included, the resource is language-neutral with URI http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/zxx corresponding to ISO ISO639-2 code "zxx". Resources with present but unknown language are to be coded as undetermined, with URI http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/und corresponding to ISO639-2 code "und". Regional dialects or other special cases should conform to the ISO639-5 Alpha-3 Code for Language Families and Groups, http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-5.html, where possible or the IETF Best Practices for Tags Identifying Languages, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646, where not. See also the entry for dc:language in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:physicalSetting
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/physicalSetting
Label	Physical Setting
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The setting of the content represented in media such as images, sounds, and movies if the provider deems them relevant. Constrained vocabulary of: "Natural" = Object in its natural setting of the object (e. g. living organisms in their natural environment); "Artificial" = Object in an artificial environment (e. g. living organisms in an artificial environment such as a zoo, garden, greenhouse, or laboratory); "Edited" = Human media editing of a natural setting or media acquisition with a separate media background such as a photographic backdrop.
Notes	Multiple values may be needed for movies or montages. See also ac:resourceCreationTechnique which should be used to describe any modifications to the resource itself. Communities of practice should form best practices for the use of these controlled terms.

Term Name: ac:subjectCategoryVocabulary
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectCategoryVocabulary
Label	Subject Category Vocabulary
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Any vocabulary or formal classification from which terms in the Subject Category have been drawn.
Notes	The AC recommended vocabularies do not need to be cited here. There is no required linkage between individual Subject Category terms and the vocabulary; the mechanism is intended to support discovery of the normative URI for a term, but not guarantee it.

Term Name: ac:tag
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/tag
Label	Tag
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	General keywords or tags.
Notes	Tags may be multi-worded phrases. Where scientific names, common names, geographic locations, etc. are separable, those should go into the more specific coverage metadata items provided further below. Examples: "flower diagram". Character or part keywords like "leaf", or "flower color" are especially desirable.

7.5 Geography Vocabulary

All geography terms from the Darwin Core version of 9 Dec 2009 are deemed included in the Core Layer. Specifically, this includes exactly those which are declared by Darwin Core to be in Darwin Core Class dwc:Location. Note that dwc:locality may be used, but as applied to media this term may be ambiguous as to whether it applies to the location depicted or the location at which the media was created. When disambiguating information is available, it is better to use the terms Location Shown and Location Created. The latter is in the Resource Creation Vocabulary.

Location Created and Location Shown are separated in the current version of IPTC, and the Metadata Working Group (Metadata Working Group Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata, Version 2.0, November 2010) also recommends this. We follow this below in order to support the expected future increase of automatic GPS-based coordinate recording. As a special case, the AC group recommends to change the semantics of Location Shown in the case of biodiversity specimens, where the original location may differ from the current location at which the specimen is held in a collection. In this case, Location Shown should exclusively refer to the location where a specimen was originally collected (gathering or sampling location). Use Location Created to express the location where the resource was created (a specimen was digitized).

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:City
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/City
Label	City or Place Name
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Name of the city of a location. This element is at the fourth level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Usage	Optionally, the name of a city or place commonly found in gazetteers (such as a mountain or national park) in which the subjects (e. g., species, habitats, or events) were located.

Term Name: dwc:continent
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/continent
Label	Continent
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the continent in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: dwc:coordinatePrecision
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision
Label	Coordinate Precision
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A decimal representation of the precision of the coordinates given in the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude.

Term Name: dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
Label	Coordinate Uncertainty In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The horizontal distance (in meters) from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location. Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term.

Term Name: dwc:country
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country
Label	Country
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:CountryCode
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryCode
Label	Country Code
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The ISO code of a country of a location. This element is at the second level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Usage	The geographic location of the specific entity or entities documented by the media item, expressed through a constrained vocabulary of countries using 2-letter ISO country code (e. g. "it, si").
Notes	Accepted exceptions to be used instead of ISO codes are: "Global", "Marine", "Europe", "N-America", "C-America", "S-America", "Africa", "Asia", "Oceania", ATA = "Antarctica", XEU = "European Union", XAR = "Arctic", "ZZZ" = "Unknown country" (3 letter abbreviations from IPTC codes). This list may be extended as necessary.

Term Name: dwc:countryCode
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode
Label	Country Code
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The standard code for the country in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country codes.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:CountryName
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryName
Label	Country Name
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of a country of a location. This element is at the second level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Usage	This field can be free text, but where possible, the use of http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/CountryCode is preferred.

Term Name: dwc:county
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county
Label	County
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the Location occurs.

Term Name: dwc:decimalLatitude
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude
Label	Decimal Latitude
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.

Term Name: dwc:decimalLongitude
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude
Label	Decimal Longitude
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.

Term Name: dwc:footprintSpatialFit
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSpatialFit
Label	Footprint Spatial Fit
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The ratio of the area of the footprint (footprintWKT) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given footprint does not completely contain the original representation. The footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left blank) if the original representation is a point and the given georeference is not that same point. If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the footprintSpatialFit is 1.

Term Name: dwc:footprintSRS
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS
Label	Footprint SRS
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the Spatial Reference System (SRS) for the footprintWKT of the Location. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude, even if it is the same as for the footprintWKT - use the geodeticDatum instead.

Term Name: dwc:footprintWKT
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT
Label	Footprint WKT
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the Location. A Location may have both a point-radius representation (see decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.

Term Name: dwc:geodeticDatum
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum
Label	Geodetic Datum
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude as based. Recommended best practice is use the EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value "unknown".

Term Name: dwc:georeferencedBy
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedBy
Label	Georeferenced By
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the georeference (spatial representation) for the Location.

Term Name: dwc:georeferenceProtocol
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceProtocol
Label	Georeference Protocol
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A description or reference to the methods used to determine the spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.

Term Name: dwc:georeferenceRemarks
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceRemarks
Label	Georeference Remarks
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Notes or comments about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in georeferenceProtocol.

Term Name: dwc:georeferenceSources
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources
Label	Georeference Sources
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference the Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.

Term Name: dwc:georeferenceVerificationStatus
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceVerificationStatus
Label	Georeference Verification Status
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Term Name: dwc:higherGeography
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography
Label	Higher Geography
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the locality term.

Term Name: dwc:higherGeographyID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID
Label	Higher Geography ID
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An identifier for the geographic region within which the Location occurred. Recommended best practice is to use an persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: dwc:island
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/island
Label	Island
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the island on or near which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: dwc:islandGroup
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/islandGroup
Label	Island Group
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the island group in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: dwc:locality
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality
Label	Locality
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The specific description of the place. Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (higherGeography, continent, country, stateProvince, county, municipality, waterBody, island, islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.

Term Name: dwc:locationAccordingTo
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationAccordingTo
Label	Location According To
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Information about the source of this Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.

Term Name: dwc:locationID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID
Label	Location ID
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An identifier for the set of location information (data associated with dcterms:Location). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.

Term Name: dwc:locationRemarks
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks
Label	Location Remarks
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Comments or notes about the Location.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:LocationShown
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationShown
Label	Location Shown
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A location the content of the item is about. For photos that is a location shown in the image.
Usage	The location that is depicted the media content, irrespective of the location at which the resource has been created.

Term Name: dwc:maximumDepthInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters
Label	Maximum Depth In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The greater depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.

Term Name: dwc:maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Label	Maximum Distance Above Surface In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.

Term Name: dwc:maximumElevationInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumElevationInMeters
Label	Maximum Elevation In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The upper limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.

Term Name: dwc:minimumDepthInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters
Label	Minimum Depth In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The lesser depth of a range of depth below the local surface, in meters.

Term Name: dwc:minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
Label	Minimum Distance Above Surface In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.

Term Name: dwc:minimumElevationInMeters
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumElevationInMeters
Label	Minimum Elevation In Meters
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The lower limit of the range of elevation (altitude, usually above sea level), in meters.

Term Name: dwc:municipality
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/municipality
Label	Municipality
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual location.

Term Name: dwc:pointRadiusSpatialFit
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pointRadiusSpatialFit
Label	Point Radius Spatial Fit
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The ratio of the area of the point-radius (decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of the true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of the Location. Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left blank) if the original representation is a point without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same point (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:ProvinceState
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/ProvinceState
Label	Province or State
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of a subregion of a country - a province or state - of a location. This element is at the third level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Usage	Optionally, the geographic unit immediately below the country level (individual states in federal countries, provinces, or other administrative units) in which the subject of the media resource (e. g., species, habitats, or events) were located (if such information is available in separate fields).

Term Name: dwc:stateProvince
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
Label	State Province
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:Sublocation
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/Sublocation
Label	Sublocation
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Name of a sublocation. This sublocation name could either be the name of a sublocation to a city or the name of a well known location or (natural) monument outside a city. In the sense of a sublocation to a city this element is at the fifth level of a top-down geographical hierarchy.
Usage	Free-form text location details of the location of the subjects, down to the village, forest, or geographic feature etc., below the Iptc4xmpExt:City place name, especially information that could not be found in a gazetteer.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimCoordinates
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates
Label	Verbatim Coordinates
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The verbatim original spatial coordinates of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinateSystem
Label	Verbatim Coordinate System
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The spatial coordinate system for the verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude or the verbatimCoordinates of the Location. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimDepth
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth
Label	Verbatim Depth
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The original description of the depth below the local surface.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimElevation
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimElevation
Label	Verbatim Elevation
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The original description of the elevation (altitude, usually above sea level) of the Location.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimLatitude
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLatitude
Label	Verbatim Latitude
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The verbatim original latitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimLocality
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality
Label	Verbatim Locality
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The original textual description of the place.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimLongitude
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLongitude
Label	Verbatim Longitude
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The verbatim original longitude of the Location. The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in verbatimCoordinateSystem.

Term Name: dwc:verbatimSRS
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS
Label	Verbatim SRS
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in verbatimLatitude and verbatimLongitude, or verbatimCoordinates are based. Recommended best practice is use the EPSG code as a controlled vocabulary to provide an SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value "unknown".

Term Name: dwc:waterBody
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody
Label	Water Body
	Layer: -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of the water body in which the Location occurs. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:WorldRegion
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/WorldRegion
Label	World Region
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The name of a world region of a location. This element is at the first (topI) level of a topdown geographical hierarchy.
Usage	Name of a world region in some high level classification, such as names for continents, waterbodies, or island groups, whichever is most appropriate. The terms preferably are derived from a controlled vocabulary.
Notes	The equivalent DarwinCore fields here forces primary metadata providers to classify world region terms into separate properties for "continent", "waterbody", "islandGroup". By contrast, the Iptc4xmpExt vocabulary only specifies that a World Region is something at the top of a hierarchy of locations.

7.6 Temporal Coverage Vocabulary

Term Name: xmp:CreateDate
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/CreateDate
Label	Original Date and Time
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The date and time the resource was created. For a digital file, this need not match a file-system creation time. For a freshly created resource, it should be close to that time, modulo the time taken to write the file. Later file transfer, copying, and so on, can make the file-system time arbitrarily different.
Usage	The date of the creation of the original resource from which the digital media was derived or created. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004, https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.
Notes	What constitutes "original" is determined by the metadata author. Example: Digitization of a photographic slide of a map would normally give the date at which the map was created; however a photographic work of art including the same map as its content may give the date of the original photographic exposure. Imprecise or unknown dates can be represented as ISO dates or ranges. Compare also Date and Time Digitized in the Resource Creation Vocabulary. See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.

Term Name: dcterms:temporal
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/temporal
Label	Temporal Coverage
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Temporal characteristics of the resource.
Usage	The coverage (extent or scope) of the content of the resource. Temporal coverage will typically include temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) to which the subjects of the media or media collection relate. If dates are mentioned, they should follow ISO 8601. When the resource is a Collection, this refers to the temporal coverage of the collection. Following dcterms:temporal, the value must be a URI.
Notes	See the DCMI User Guide dcterms:temporal entry, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/User_Guide/Publishing_Metadata.md#dctermstemporal, for an example. dc:coverage may be used for string values of temporal coverage, but use the Geography Vocabulary for geographic coverage. String examples for use with dc:coverage include "Jurassic", "Elizabethan", "Spring, 1957". 2008-01-01/2008-06-30. If the resource is video or audio, it refers to the time span, if any, depicted by the resource. For live-media this is closely related to Original Date and Time (Example: the time depicted by a time-lapse video file of organism development), but for media with fictional content it is not.

Term Name: ac:timeOfDay
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/timeOfDay
Label	Time of Day
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Free text information beyond exact clock times.
Notes	Examples in English: afternoon, twilight.

7.7 Taxonomic Coverage Vocabulary

Term Name: dwc:dateIdentified
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified
Label	Date Identified
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The date on which the subject was identified as representing the Taxon. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as ISO 8601:2004(E).
Usage	The date on which the person(s) given under Identfied By applied a Scientific Taxon Name to the resource.

Term Name: dwc:identificationQualifier
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
Label	Identification Qualifier
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the Identification.
Usage	A brief phrase or a standard abbreviation ("cf. genus", "cf. species", "cf. var.", "aff. species", etc.) to express the determiner's doubts with respect to a specified taxonomic rank about the identification given in Scientific Taxon Name.
Notes	Splitting identification qualification and Scientific Taxon Name into separate fields is recommended practice in cases where only a single taxon name is available, or if the exchange format is able to keep relations between multiple names and identification qualifiers. Where the exchange format only supports simple multiplicities, a media item with multiple Scientific Taxon Names, some with, some without identification qualifiers, may have to be transferred with "cf." or "aff." qualifiers remaining embedded in the Scientific Taxon Name. Example: For the determinations "cf. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum", "Fusarium cf. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum", "Fusarium oxysporum cf. f. sp. palmarum" the Scientific Taxon Name would always be "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum", with Identification Qualifier "cf. genus", "cf. species" and "cf. f.sp.", respectively. In most cases only the lowest taxon is in doubt, but cases exist where good reasons exist to suspect a specific or even infraspecific determination, without having a save generic identification.

Term Name: dwc:identifiedBy
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
Label	Identified By
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who assigned the Taxon to the subject.
Usage	The name(s) of the person(s) who applied the Scientific Taxon Name to the media item or the occurrence represented in the media item.

Term Name: dwc:lifeStage
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage
Label	Subject Life Stage
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The age class or life stage of the biological individual(s) at the time the Occurrence was recorded. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Usage	A description of the life-cycle stage of any organisms featured within the media, when relevant to the subject of the media, e. g., larvae, juvenile, adult.

Term Name: dwc:nameAccordingTo
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
Label	Name According To
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
Usage	The taxonomic authority used to apply the name to the taxon, e. g., a person, book or web service.
Notes	Examples are "Flora of North America", "Landrum 1981, Monograph of the Genus Myrceugenia (Myrtaceae)", "Peterson Field Guide to Birds of North America", or "Expert identification by J.Smith". The definition at dwc:nameAccordingTo is: 'The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.'

Term Name: ac:otherScientificName
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/otherScientificName
Label	Other Scientific Name
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	One or several Scientific Taxon Names that are synonyms to the Scientific Taxon Name may be provided here.
Notes	The primary purpose of this is in support of resource discovery, not developing a taxonomic synonymy. Misidentification or misspellings may thus be of interest. Where multiple taxa are present in a resource and multiple Scientific Taxon Names are given, the association between synonyms and names may not be deducible from the AC record alone.

Term Name: dwc:preparations
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations
Label	Subject Preparation Technique
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a specimen.
Usage	Free form text describing the techniques used to prepare the subject of the media, prior to or while creating the media resource.
Notes	Examples for such techniques are: Insect under CO2, cooled to immobility, preservation with ethanol or formaldehyde. See also Resource Creation Technique for technical aspects of digital media object creation.

Term Name: dwc:scientificName
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
Label	Scientific Taxon Name
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.
Usage	Scientific names of taxa represented in the media resource (with date and name authorship information if available) of the lowest level taxonomic rank that can be applied.
Notes	The Scientific Taxon Name may possibly be of a higher rank, e.g., a genus or family name, if this is the most specific identification available. Where multiple taxa are the subject of the media item, multiple names may be given. If possible, add this information here even if the title or caption of the resource already contains scientific taxon names. Where the list of scientific taxon names is impractically large (e.g., media collections or identification tools), the number of taxa should be given in Taxon Count (see below). If possible, avoid repeating the Taxonomic Coverage here. Do not use abbreviated Genus names ("P. vulgaris"). It is recommended to provide author citation to scientific names, to avoid ambiguities in the presence of homonyms (the same name created by different authors for different taxa). Identifier qualifications should be supplied in the Identification Qualifier term rather than here (i. e. "Abies cf. alba" is deprecated, to be replaced with Scientific Taxon Name = "Abies alba" and Identification Qualifier = "cf. species").

Term Name: dwc:scientificNameID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID
Label	Scientific Name ID
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.
Notes	See dwc:scientificNameID.

Term Name: dwc:sex
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
Label	Subject Sex
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
Usage	A description of the sex of any organisms featured within the media, when relevant to the subject of the media, e. g., male, female, hermaphrodite, dioecious.

Term Name: ac:subjectOrientation
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectOrientation
Label	Subject Orientation
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Specific orientation (= direction, view angle) of the subject represented in the media resource with respect to the acquisition device.
Notes	Examples: "dorsal", "ventral", "frontal", etc. No formal encoding scheme as yet exists. The term is repeatable e.g., in the case of a composite image, consisting of a combination of different view orientations.

Term Name: ac:subjectPart
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/subjectPart
Label	Subject Part
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The portion or product of organism morphology, behaviour, environment, etc. that is either predominantly shown or particularly well exemplified by the media resource.
Notes	No formal encoding scheme as yet exists. Examples are "whole body", "head", "flower", "leaf", "canopy" (of a rain forest stand). Several anatomical ontologies are emerging in http://www.obofoundry.org/

Term Name: ac:taxonCount
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCount
Label	Taxon Count
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	An exact or estimated number of taxa at the lowest applicable taxon rank (usually species or infraspecific) represented by the media resource (item or collection).
Notes	Primarily intended for resource collections and singular resources dealing with sets of taxa (e. g., identification tools, videos). It is recommended to give an exact or estimated number of specific taxa when a complete list of taxa is not available or practical. The count should contain only the taxa covered fully or primarily by the resource. For a taxon page and most images this will be "1", i. e. other taxa mentioned on the side or in the background should not be counted. However, sometimes a resource may illustrate an ecological or behavioral entity with multiple species, e. g., a host-pathogen interaction; taxon count would then indicate the known number of species in this interaction. This should be a single integer number. Leave the field empty if you cannot estimate the information (do not enter 0). Additional taxon counts at higher levels (e. g. how many families are covered by a digital Fauna) should be given verbatim in the resource description, not here.

Term Name: ac:taxonCoverage
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/taxonCoverage
Label	Taxon Coverage
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A higher taxon (e. g., a genus, family, or order) at the level of the genus or higher, that covers all taxa that are the primary subject of the resource (which may be a media item or a collection).
Notes	Example: Where the subject of an image is several species of ducks with trees visible in the background, Taxon Coverage would still be Anatidae (and not Biota). Example: "Aves" for a bird key or a bird image collection. Do not add a rank ("Class Aves") in this field. Note that this somewhat expands the usage of ncd:taxonCoverage which, however has not yet been adopted by TDWG, and which specifies at the Family level or higher. For collections it is recommended to follow ncd:taxonCoverage to avoid conflicts between an AC record and a record arising from use of the un-adopted NCD. If the resource contains a single taxon, this should be placed in Scientific Taxon Name. In this case Taxon Coverage may be left empty, but if not, care should be taken that the entries do not conflict. Example: If Scientific Taxon Name is Quercus alba then Taxon Coverage, if provided at all, should be Quercus.

Term Name: dwc:vernacularName
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
Label	Common Name
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A common or vernacular name.
Usage	Common (= vernacular) names of the subject in one or several languages. The ISO language name should be given in parentheses after the name if not all names are given by values of the Metadata Language term.
Notes	The ISO language code after the name should be formatted as in the following example: 'abete bianco (it); Tanne (de); White Fir (en)'. If names are known to be male- or female-specific, this may be specified as in: 'ewe (en-female); ram (en-male);'.

7.8 Resource Creation Vocabulary

Term Name: ac:captureDevice
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/captureDevice
Label	Capture Device
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Free form text describing the device or devices used to create the resource.
Notes	It is best practice to record the device; this may include a combination such as camera plus lens, or camera plus microscope. Examples: "Canon Supershot 2000", "Makroscan Scanner 2000", "Zeiss Axioscope with Camera IIIu", "SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)".

Term Name: ac:digitizationDate
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/digitizationDate
Label	Date and Time Digitized
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Date the first digital version was created, if different from Original Date and Time found in the Temporal Coverage Vocabulary. The date and time must comply with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) datetime practice, https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime, which requires that date and time representation correspond to ISO 8601:1998, but with year fields always comprising 4 digits. This makes datetime records compliant with 8601:2004, https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html. AC datetime values may also follow 8601:2004 for ranges by separating two IS0 8601 datetime fields by a solidus ("forward slash", '/'). See also the wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.
Notes	This is often not the media creation or modification date. For example, if photographic prints have been scanned, the date of that scanning is what this term carries, but Original Date and Time is that depicted in the print. Use the international (ISO/xml) format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm (e. g. "2007-12-31" or "2007-12-31T14:59"). Where available, timezone information should be added. In the case of digital images containing EXIF, whereas the EXIF capture date does not contain time zone information, but EXIF GPSDateStamp and GPSTimeStamp may be relevant as these include time-zone information. See also Metadata Working Group Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata, Version 2.0 (November 2010), http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf, which has best practice advice on handling time-zone-less EXIF date/time data. See also the Wikipedia IS0 8601 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601, for further explanation and examples.

Term Name: Iptc4xmpExt:LocationCreated
Normative URI:	http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpExt/2008-02-29/LocationCreated
Label	Location Created
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	The location the content of the item was created
Usage	The location at which the media recording instrument was placed when the media was created.
Notes	The distinction between the location shown and created is often irrelevant, and metadata may be assumed to be referring to location shown. It is recommended that the Location Shown field above always be used when known. However, in the case of position data automatically recorded by the instrument (e. g. EXIF GPS data) Location Created should be used to maintain information accuracy. When one but not both of these locations are present, AC is silent about whether the provided one entails the other. A best practices document for a particular AC implementation might address this.

Term Name: ac:resourceCreationTechnique
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/resourceCreationTechnique
Label	Resource Creation Technique
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Information about technical aspects of the creation and digitization process of the resource. This includes modification steps ("retouching") after the initial resource capture.
Notes	Examples: Encoding method or settings, numbers of channels, lighting, audio sampling rate, frames per second, data rate, interlaced or progressive, multiflash lighting, remote control, automatic interval exposure. Annotating whether and how a resource has been modified or edited significantly in ways that are not immediately obvious to, or expected by, consumers is of special significance. Examples for images are: Removing a distracting twig from a picture, moving an object to a different surrounding, changing the color in parts of the image, or blurring the background of an image. Modifications that are standard practice and expected or obvious are not necessary to document; examples of such practices include changing resolution, cropping, minor sharpening or overall color correction, and clearly perceptible modifications (e.g., addition of arrows or labels, or the placement of multiple pictures into a table.) If it is only known that significant modifications were made, but no details are known, a general statement like "Media may have been manipulated to improve appearance" may be appropriate. See also Subject Preparation Technique.

Term Name: ac:associatedObservationReference
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedObservationReference
Label	Associated Observation Reference
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A reference to an observation associated with this resource.

Term Name: ac:associatedSpecimenReference
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/associatedSpecimenReference
Label	Associated Specimen Reference
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A reference to a specimen associated with this resource.
Notes	Supports finding a specimen resource, where additional information is available. If several resources relate to the same specimen, these are implicitly related. Examples: for NHM "BM 23974324" for a barcoded or "BM Smith 32" for a non-barcoded specimen; for UNITS: "TSB 28637"; for PMSL: "PMSL-Lepidoptera-2534781". Ideally this may be a URI identifying a specimen record that is available online.

Term Name: ac:derivedFrom
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/derivedFrom
Label	Derived From
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A reference to an original resource from which the current one is derived.
Notes	Derivation of one resource from another is of special interest for identification tools (e. g. a key from an unpublished data set, as in FRIDA, or a PDA key from a PC or web key) or web services (e. g. a name synonymization service being derived from a specific data set). It may very rarely also be known where one image or sound recording is derived from another (but compare the separate mechanism to be used for quality/resolution levels). Human readable, or doi number, or URL. Simple name of parent for human readable. Can be repeated if a montage of images.

Term Name: ac:IDofContainingCollection
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/IDofContainingCollection
Label	ID of Containing Collection
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	If the resource is contained in a Collection, this field identifies that Collection uniquely. Its form is not specified by this normative document, but is left to implementers of specific implementations.
Notes	Repeatable: A media resource may be member of multiple collections

Term Name: ac:providerID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/providerID
Label	Provider ID
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A globally unique ID of the provider of the current AC metadata record.
Notes	Only to be used if the annotated resource is not a provider itself - this item is for relating the resource to a provider, using an arbitrary code that is unique for a provider, contributing partner, or aggregator, or other roles (potentially defined by MARC, OAI) and by which the media resources are linked to the provider.

Term Name: ac:relatedResourceID
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/relatedResourceID
Label	Related Resource ID
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Resource related in ways not specified through a collection, e.g., before-after images; time-lapse series; different orientations/angles of view
Notes	The value references a related media item. Examples of relations are: Images taken in a sequence or defined time series, an exposure or focus series (e.g. for stacking), different framing or views (top, side, bottom) of the same subject, or an overview plus several details. The property makes such related media items discoverable, but does not indicate the nature of this relationship. More specific properties may be defined in a later version of AC.

7.10 Service Access Point Vocabulary

These terms are representation-dependent metadata, referring to specific digital representations of a resource (e.g., a specific resolution, quality, or format). They are used within whatever a particular AC implementation assigns to the value of hasServiceAccessPoint, whose label is simply “Service Access Point.” Note that it is possible for an implementation to use syntactic conventions that avoid direct use of hasServiceAccessPoint, as illustrated in the final example in the section Multiplicity/Cardinality in the Audubon Core Structure document.

Term Name: ac:accessURI
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/accessURI
Label	Access URI
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A URI that uniquely identifies a service that provides a representation of the underlying resource. If this resource can be acquired by an http request, its http URL should be given. If not, but it has some URI in another URI scheme, that may be given here.
Notes	Value might point to something offline, such as a published CD, etc. For example, the doi of an published CD would be a suitable value.

Term Name: dc:format
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format
Label	Format
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Usage	A string describing the technical format of the resource (file format or physical medium).
Notes	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]. This term is recommended for offline digital content. In cases where the provided URL includes a standard file extension from which the format can be inferred, it is permissible to not provide this item. Three types of values are recommended: (a) any MIME type; (b) common file extensions like txt, doc, odf, jpg/jpeg, png, pdf; (c) the following special values: Data-CD, Audio-CD, Video-CD, Data-DVD, Audio-DVD, Video-DVD-PAL, Video-DVD-NTSC, photographic slide, photographic print. Compare Type for the content-type. See also the entry for dcterms:format in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: dcterms:format
Normative URI:	http://purl.org/dc/terms/format
Label	Format
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Usage	URI referencing the technical format of the resource (file format or physical medium).
Notes	See DCMI User_Guide, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/User_Guide/Publishing_Metadata.md#dctermsformat, for examples. See also the entry for dc:format in the Audubon Core term list document and see the DCMI FAQ on DC and DCTERMS Namespaces, https://github.com/dcmi/repository/blob/master/mediawiki_wiki/FAQ/DC_and_DCTERMS_Namespaces.md, for discussion of the rationale for terms in two namespaces. Normal practice is to use the same Label if both are provided. Labels have no effect on information discovery and are only suggestions.

Term Name: ac:furtherInformationURL
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/furtherInformationURL
Label	Further Information URL
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The URL of a Web site that provides additional information about the version of the media resource that is provided by the Service Access Point.

Term Name: ac:hashFunction
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hashFunction
Label	Hash Function
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The cryptographic hash function used to compute the value given in the Hash Value.
Notes	Recommended values include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-224,SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256

Term Name: ac:hashValue
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/hashValue
Label	Hash
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The value computed by a hash function applied to the media that will be delivered at the access point.
Notes	Best practice is to also specify the hash function by supplying a value of the Hash Function term, using one of the standard literals from the Notes there.

Term Name: ac:licensingException
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/licensingException
Label	Licensing Exception Statement
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	The licensing statement for this variant of the media resource if different from that given in the License Statement property of the resource.
Notes	Required only if this version has different licensing than that of the media resource. For example, the highest resolution version may be more restricted than lower resolution versions.

Term Name: exif:PixelXDimension
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/exif/1.0/PixelXDimension
Label	Image Width
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Information specific to compressed data. When a compressed file is recorded, the valid width of the meaningful image shall be recorded in this tag, whether or not there is padding data or a restart marker. This tag shall not exist in an uncompressed file.
Usage	The width in pixels of the media specified by the access point.

Term Name: exif:PixelYDimension
Normative URI:	http://ns.adobe.com/exif/1.0/PixelYDimension
Label	Image Height
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Information specific to compressed data. When a compressed file is recorded, the valid height of the meaningful image shall be recorded in this tag, whether or not there is padding data or a restart marker. This tag shall not exist in an uncompressed file.
Usage	The height in pixels of the media specified by the access point.

Term Name: ac:serviceExpectation
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/serviceExpectation
Label	Service Expectation
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	A term that describes what service expectations users may have of the ac:accessURL. Recommended terms include online (denotes that the URL is expected to deliver the resource), authenticate (denotes that the URL delivers a login or other authentication interface requiring completion before delivery of the resource) published(non digital) (denotes that the URL is the identifier of a non-digital published work, for example a doi.) Communities should develop their own controlled vocabularies for Service Expectations.

Term Name: ac:variant
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variant
Label	Variant
	Layer: 1 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	A URI designating what this Service Access Point provides. Some suggested values are the URIs ac:Thumbnail, ac:Trailer, ac:LowerQuality, ac:MediumQuality, ac:GoodQuality, ac:BestQuality, and ac:Offline. Additional URIs from communities of practice may be introduced.

Term Name: ac:variantDescription
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantDescription
Label	Variant Description
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: No
Definition	Text that describes this Service Access Point variant
Notes	Most variants (thumb, low-res, high-res) are self-explanatory and it is best practice to leave this property empty if no special description is needed. It is provided for cases that require additional information (e.g., video shortened instead of simply quality reduced).

Term Name: ac:variantLiteral
Normative URI:	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/variantLiteral
Label	Variant
	Layer: 2 -- Required: No -- Repeatable: Yes
Definition	Text that describes this Service Access Point variant.
Notes	This is an alternative to ac:variant where using a string is preferred over a URI. It is best practice to use ac:variant instead of ac:variantLiteral wherever practical. Value may be free text, but it is suggested to consider including terminology based on the following: Thumbnail: Service Access Point provides a thumbnail image, short sound clip, or short movie clip that can be used in addition to the resource to represent the media object, typically at lower quality and higher compression than a preview object. A typical size for a tiny thumbnail image may be 50-100 pixels in the longer dimension. Trailer: Service Access Point provides video clip preview, in the form of a specifically authored "Trailer", which may provide somewhat different content than the original resource. Lower Quality: Service Access Point provides a lower quality version of the media resource, suitable e. g. for web sites. Medium Quality: Service Access Point provides a medium quality version of the media resource, e. g. shortened in duration, or reduced size, using lower resolution or higher compression causing moderate artifacts. Good Quality: Service Access Point provides a good quality version of the media resource intended for resources displayed as primary information; e. g. an image between 800 and 1600 px in width or height. Best Quality: Service Access Point provides the highest available quality of the media resource, whatever its resolution or quality level. Offline: Service Access Point provides data about an offline resource.

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